Sankapala Ancient Temple – A Sacred Jewel of Sabaragamuwa
Explore Sankapala Ancient Temple in Pallebedda, Ratnapura – a historic Buddhist temple built by King Dutugemunu’s warrior Pussadeva. Surrounded by rocky caves, murals, and stunning scenery, this spiritual site reveals Sri Lanka’s ancient heritage and legends.
Introduction
Located in Pallebedda, just a few kilometers from Udawalawe in the Ratnapura District, the Sankapala Ancient Temple (Sankapala Raja Maha Viharaya) is one of Sri Lanka’s most revered heritage temples. Nestled amidst rocky hills and breathtaking landscapes, this temple carries the legacy of King Dutugemunu’s warrior, Pussadeva, who was famed for his conch shell in ancient battles.
Today, Sankapala stands not only as a sacred place of worship but also as a historical monument that beautifully unites Buddhist devotion, legend, and natural splendor in the Sabaragamuwa Province.
Historical and Cultural Significance
According to chronicles, the Sankapala Temple was originally built during the reign of King Dutugemunu (161–137 BC). It was gifted to Pussadeva, one of the king’s ten great warriors (“Dasa Maha Yodayo”), in honor of his bravery in battle. The temple complex was later expanded by several kings and continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site.
Key historical elements include:
- Pussadeva’s Conch (Sankha) – The name Sankapala itself is derived from “Sankha,” the sacred conch shell that symbolized his battle victories.
- Ancient Brahmi Inscriptions – Found on nearby rock surfaces, revealing early Buddhist influence.
- Archaeological Ruins – Old stupas, image houses, and carved stone pillars that date back to ancient Anuradhapura and Kandyan periods.
Architectural & Spiritual Highlights
- The temple is built on a rocky mountain range and consists of multiple cave shrines and terraces with scenic views.
Visitors can explore: - The Main Cave Shrine (Vihara Lena) – Adorned with vibrant murals and ancient Buddha statues.
- The Stupa Terrace – A peaceful viewpoint offering panoramic views of the surrounding hills.
- The New Image House – Built in the Kandyan style, featuring colorful frescoes depicting Jataka stories.
- The Sacred Bo Tree (Bodhiya) – Believed to be a sapling from the Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura.
- Pussadeva Memorial Statue – Honoring the warrior whose legacy gave life to the temple’s legend.
Natural Beauty and Surroundings
- The Sankapala temple area is surrounded by picturesque landscapes that enhance its spiritual serenity.
Nearby natural attractions include: - Udawalawe National Park – Just a short drive away, ideal for combining wildlife exploration with cultural visits.
- Kuda Sankapala Cave Complex – Smaller caves once used by meditating monks.
- Waterfalls & Streams – Flowing through lush forests around Pallebedda, perfect for nature photography and relaxation.
Cultural Experiences
- Sankapala remains a vibrant center of local Buddhist rituals, Poya ceremonies, and cultural festivals.
- During Vesak and Poson, the temple glows with thousands of lanterns and devotional activities.
- Pilgrims also visit to perform Bodhi Pooja and offerings seeking blessings for health and prosperity.
- Traditional drumming, dancing, and chanting continue to echo the spirit of ancient Sabaragamuwa culture.
Why Visit Sankapala Ancient Temple ?
- To explore a temple founded by one of Sri Lanka’s legendary warriors.
- To admire ancient architecture, cave paintings, and inscriptions.
- To enjoy the serene natural beauty and panoramic mountain scenery.
- To witness living Buddhist traditions practiced for over two millennia.
- To combine a spiritual journey with nearby nature attractions like Udawalawe.
conculation
The Sankapala Ancient Temple is not just a place of worship—it is a living monument to Sri Lanka’s heroic past, Buddhist heritage, and natural beauty.
For travelers visiting Ratnapura, Pallebedda, or Udawalawe, this sacred site offers a tranquil, inspiring, and deeply historical experience, making it a must-visit gem of the Sabaragamuwa Province.